Hyperspectral and multispectral devices have the ability of collecting chemical and spatial information of surfaces in a fast, detailed, and nondestructive manner. With the growing interest of them, the need for improving in instrumentation raised. There are nowadays many types of hyperspectral and multispectral cameras available in the market. Acknowledging that technology is continuously advancing toward faster and cheaper devices, with higher spatial and spectral resolution/quality, they are all composed by a similar setup of components: a light source, a set of optical lenses, a wavelength-dispersive device, and a detector. This chapter highlights the most common components used in the construction of a hyperspectral and multispectral device, making emphasis, moreover, in the interaction of the light with the sample and the importance of the calibration step.