TY - JOUR

T1 - GC-MS based metabolomics and NMR spectroscopy investigation of food intake biomarkers for milk and cheese in serum of healthy humans

AU - Trimigno, Alessia

AU - Münger, Linda

AU - Picone, Gianfranco

AU - Freiburghaus, Carola

AU - Pimentel, Grégory

AU - Vionnet, Nathalie

AU - Pralong, François

AU - Capozzi, Francesco

AU - Badertscher, René

AU - Vergères, Guy

PY - 2018

Y1 - 2018

N2 - The identification and validation of food intake biomarkers (FIBs) in human biofluids is a key objective for the evaluation of dietary intake. We report here the analysis of the GC-MS and 1H-NMR metabolomes of serum samples from a randomized cross-over study in 11 healthy volunteers having consumed isocaloric amounts of milk, cheese, and a soy drink as non-dairy alternative. Serum was collected at baseline, postprandially up to 6 h, and 24 h after consumption. A multivariate analysis of the untargeted serum metabolomes, combined with a targeted analysis of candidate FIBs previously reported in urine samples from the same study, identified galactitol, galactonate, and galactono-1,5-lactone (milk), 3-phenyllactic acid (cheese), and pinitol (soy drink) as candidate FIBs for these products. Serum metabolites not previously identified in the urine samples, e.g., 3-hydroxyisobutyrate after cheese intake, were detected. Finally, an analysis of the postprandial behavior of candidate FIBs, in particular the dairy fatty acids pentadecanoic acid and heptadecanoic acid, revealed specific kinetic patterns of relevance to their detection in future validation studies. Taken together, promising candidate FIBs for dairy intake appear to be lactose and metabolites thereof, for lactose-containing products, and microbial metabolites derived from amino acids, for fermented dairy products such as cheese.

AB - The identification and validation of food intake biomarkers (FIBs) in human biofluids is a key objective for the evaluation of dietary intake. We report here the analysis of the GC-MS and 1H-NMR metabolomes of serum samples from a randomized cross-over study in 11 healthy volunteers having consumed isocaloric amounts of milk, cheese, and a soy drink as non-dairy alternative. Serum was collected at baseline, postprandially up to 6 h, and 24 h after consumption. A multivariate analysis of the untargeted serum metabolomes, combined with a targeted analysis of candidate FIBs previously reported in urine samples from the same study, identified galactitol, galactonate, and galactono-1,5-lactone (milk), 3-phenyllactic acid (cheese), and pinitol (soy drink) as candidate FIBs for these products. Serum metabolites not previously identified in the urine samples, e.g., 3-hydroxyisobutyrate after cheese intake, were detected. Finally, an analysis of the postprandial behavior of candidate FIBs, in particular the dairy fatty acids pentadecanoic acid and heptadecanoic acid, revealed specific kinetic patterns of relevance to their detection in future validation studies. Taken together, promising candidate FIBs for dairy intake appear to be lactose and metabolites thereof, for lactose-containing products, and microbial metabolites derived from amino acids, for fermented dairy products such as cheese.

KW - Biomarker

KW - Cheese

KW - Metabolomics

KW - Milk

KW - Nutrition

KW - Serum metabolome

KW - Soy drink

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85046437335&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.3390/metabo8020026

DO - 10.3390/metabo8020026

M3 - Journal article

AN - SCOPUS:85046437335

VL - 8

JO - Metabolites

JF - Metabolites

SN - 2218-1989

IS - 2

M1 - 26

ER -