This chapter presents an overview on the microwave preservation and processing applications in the food industry. It explains the basics behind microwave heating, including food-related phenomena that influence microwave heating performance, with special concern on how food geometry and dielectric properties of foods affect the microwave heating characteristics. The chapter gives examples of microwave preservation and processing applications in the food industry as well as a section on the bottlenecks and future trends. In food industrial operations, continuous processes are usually needed, due to the desired high throughputs.