TY - JOUR

T1 - Cesarean section induced dysbiosis promotes type 2 immunity but not oxazolone-induced dermatitis in mice

AU - Zachariassen, Line Fisker

AU - Ebert, Maria Bernadette Bergh

AU - Mentzel, Caroline Märta Junker

AU - Deng, Ling

AU - Krych, Lukasz

AU - Nielsen, Dennis Sandris

AU - Stokholm, Jakob

AU - Hansen, Camilla Hartmann Friis

N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2023 The Author(s). Published with license by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

PY - 2023

Y1 - 2023

N2 - Delivery by cesarean section (CS) is associated with an altered gut microbiota (GM) colonization and a higher risk of later chronic inflammatory diseases. Studies investigating the association between CS and atopic dermatitis (AD) are contradictive and often biased by confounding factors. The aim of this study was therefore to provide experimental evidence for the association between CS and AD in a mouse model and clarify the role of the GM changes associated with CS. It was hypothesized that CS-delivered mice, and human CS-GM transplanted mice develop severe dermatitis due to early dysbiosis. BALB/c mice delivered by CS or vaginally (VD) as well as BALB/c mice transplanted with GM from CS or VD human donors were challenged with oxazolone on the ear. The severity of dermatitis was evaluated by ear thickness and clinical and histopathological assessment which were similar between all groups. The immune response was assessed by serum IgE concentration, local cytokine response, and presence of immune cells in the draining lymph node. Both CS-delivered mice and mice inoculated with human CS-GM had a higher IgE concentration. A higher proportion of Th2 cells were also found in the CS-GM inoculated mice, but no differences were seen in the cytokine levels in the affected ears. In support of the experimental findings, a human cohort analysis from where the GM samples were obtained found that delivery mode did not affect the children’s risk of developing AD. In conclusion, CS-GM enhanced a Th2 biased immune response, but had no effect on oxazolone-induced dermatitis in mice.

AB - Delivery by cesarean section (CS) is associated with an altered gut microbiota (GM) colonization and a higher risk of later chronic inflammatory diseases. Studies investigating the association between CS and atopic dermatitis (AD) are contradictive and often biased by confounding factors. The aim of this study was therefore to provide experimental evidence for the association between CS and AD in a mouse model and clarify the role of the GM changes associated with CS. It was hypothesized that CS-delivered mice, and human CS-GM transplanted mice develop severe dermatitis due to early dysbiosis. BALB/c mice delivered by CS or vaginally (VD) as well as BALB/c mice transplanted with GM from CS or VD human donors were challenged with oxazolone on the ear. The severity of dermatitis was evaluated by ear thickness and clinical and histopathological assessment which were similar between all groups. The immune response was assessed by serum IgE concentration, local cytokine response, and presence of immune cells in the draining lymph node. Both CS-delivered mice and mice inoculated with human CS-GM had a higher IgE concentration. A higher proportion of Th2 cells were also found in the CS-GM inoculated mice, but no differences were seen in the cytokine levels in the affected ears. In support of the experimental findings, a human cohort analysis from where the GM samples were obtained found that delivery mode did not affect the children’s risk of developing AD. In conclusion, CS-GM enhanced a Th2 biased immune response, but had no effect on oxazolone-induced dermatitis in mice.

KW - Animal model

KW - atopic dermatitis

KW - bacteroides

KW - birth mode

KW - cesarean section

KW - gut microbiota

KW - IgE

KW - type 2 immunity

U2 - 10.1080/19490976.2023.2271151

DO - 10.1080/19490976.2023.2271151

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 37889696

AN - SCOPUS:85175247203

VL - 15

JO - Gut Microbes

JF - Gut Microbes

SN - 1949-0976

IS - 2

M1 - 2271151

ER -