Indigenous fermentation processes depend on microorganisms naturally existing in the raw materials, utensils, water, surrounding atmosphere, and wrapping material. Among these microorganisms, the most frequently isolated from alkaline-fermented foods (AFFs) are Bacillus and related genera, lactic acid bacteria, and yeasts. As industrialscale production of AFFs usually requires pure starter to achieve reproducibility, consistent quality, and a high standard of public safety. e phenotypical and genotypical characterization of the fermenting microbes is essential for the selection of high-performing, and safe, starter cultures.