Effect of industrial process conditions of fava bean (Vicia faba L.) concentrates on physico-chemical and functional properties

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Fava bean (Vicia faba L.) is a promising source of proteins and has a potential in industrial food applications. Processing of fava ingredients modifies proteins and their functional properties. This study established the complexity of the relationship between fava protein-associated reactions (protein hydrolysis and aggregation), physico-chemical properties (electric charge, solubility, and intrinsic fluorescence, thermal integrity) and functional properties (foam and emulsion). For this study, an air-classified fava protein concentrate (65% w/w protein d.b.) was processed using pH (2, 4, 6.4 and 11), temperature (55, 75 and 95 °C) and duration of treatment (30 and 360 min) to produce 36 modified fava concentrates. Processing resulted in protein hydrolysis at pH < 4, and protein aggregation at pH ≥ 6.4 at temperatures above 75 °C, which influenced foaming and emulsification distinctly owing to the differences in their stabilizing mechanisms. Despite these modifications, their physico-chemical and functional properties were primarily governed by the beverage application pH. The surprising interplay shown between properties encourages the need to dive further into the different protein/non-protein reaction and interactions that can occur in fava concentrate. Industrial relevance: The functionalities of fava bean protein-rich ingredients were investigated in industrial beverage application systems (pH 4 and 7) after industrial relevant process conditions (pH: 2, 4, 6.4 and 11; temperature: 55, 75 and 95 °C, treatment duration: 30 and 360 min). Foam capacity (>100%) was very high for all ingredients at both pH applications (acidic or pH 4, and neutral or pH 7), while the foam stability changed according to the application pH. So-called foam-breakers were discovered in acidic application, while all ingredients maintained high stability in neutral applications. A similar instability was found for emulsification, since emulsion made with all ingredients in acidic application creamed immediately after production. Emulsions in neutral applications were homogenous with all ingredients, thus, emulsion capacities were equivalent to each other, but the storage stability was affected by the ingredient processing pH.

OriginalsprogEngelsk
Artikelnummer103142
TidsskriftInnovative Food Science and Emerging Technologies
Vol/bind81
Antal sider14
ISSN1466-8564
DOI
StatusUdgivet - 2022

Bibliografisk note

Funding Information:
The raw data has been shared in Zenodo data repository supported by the European Commission (Framework Programme 7/ Horizon 2020 ).

Funding Information:
The authors declare potential conflict of interest. Jens Zotzel, Julian Aschoff and Daniel Bonerz work at Döhler GmbH. Döhler GmbH is a global producer of natural ingredients, ingredient systems and integrated solutions, including plant-based products containing fava bean. Döhler GmbH is a member of the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program, grant agreement no. 765415 (acronym FOODENGINE) and hosted two PhD fellows, including Siddharth Sharan.

Funding Information:
The raw data has been shared in Zenodo data repository supported by the European Commission (Framework Programme 7/Horizon 2020).This work was supported by the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement no. 765415 (acronym FOODENGINE). The authors thank Kirsten Sjøstrøm for technical assistance in conducting the DSC experiments at the University of Copenhagen, Denmark.

Funding Information:
This work was supported by the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement no. 765415 (acronym FOODENGINE). The authors thank Kirsten Sjøstrøm for technical assistance in conducting the DSC experiments at the University of Copenhagen, Denmark.

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© 2022

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